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This article examines a method for determining the key length in polyalphabetic ciphers using the coincidence index (Index of Coincidence, IC). It is shown that traditional frequency analysis is ineffective in analyzing the Vigenère cipher, but the use of the IC allows for a statistical assessmen...

cryptanalysis index of coincidence Vigenère cipher key length Friedman method frequency analysis cryptography

This study proposes and validates a methodology aimed at optimizing the imperceptibility and capacity characteristics of steganographic systems operating within text environments. The underlying principle involves the sequential integration of the Huffman prefix compression algorithm and the inje...

steganography Huffman coding Unicode zero-width characters data compression stegananalysis chi-square criterion information security entropy

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of migrants’ ethnocultural integration. From a sociological perspective, it examines the growth of migration processes under globalization, the objective and subjective factors influencing integration, an...

ethnocultural integration migration acculturation social adaptation intercultural relations social capital globalization integration models

This article discusses the issues of developing students' physical abilities through extracurricular activities and health-improving activities.

Physical abilities extracurricular activities 4th-grade students physical education speed strength endurance agility flexibility physiological maturation motor skills adaptability skills systematization medicine facility hygiene