Bridging Climate Adaptation Gaps: Economic Policies, Financial Mechanisms, and Stakeholder Integration for Resilient Development

The global discourse on climate change has long prioritized mitigation—reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning from fossil fuels—while adaptation strategies have remained comparatively underexplored. Recent advances in the economics of climate adaptation provide a critical roadmap for transforming academic insights into practical, locally driven solutions. This article synthesizes emerging research methodologies—from machine learning and evidence mapping to econometric modeling—to assess adaptation efforts across sectors such as agriculture, energy, tourism, and manufacturing. We document persistent gaps between high-income–driven research and the urgent needs of vulnerable, low-income regions. Emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, stakeholder engagement, and international cooperation, this paper outlines the economic imperatives of adaptation and argues for a strategic shift from academic inquiry to actionable policy frameworks that enhance societal resilience.