The Socio-Economic Factors Responsible for Smuggling in Babura and Maigatari Border Towns, Jigawa State, Nigeria

This study examines the socio-economic factors responsible for smuggling in Babura and Maigatari Border towns, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The major aim of this research is to explore the social and economic factors responsible for smuggling in border towns. The study adopted survey research design and a total of 380 respondents were selected for the study. However, the study utilized cluster, purposive, and availability sampling techniques. Findings reveal that poverty and unemployment are the major factors responsible for smuggling in Babura and Maigatari border towns. In view of the findings, it is recommended that government should address poverty and unemployment by creating more job opportunities and improving economic conditions in border communities to reduce the incentive for smuggling; enhance border control measures with advanced surveillance technology such as drones and automated systems to monitor and secure porous borders effectively; implement stricter anti-corruption measures within customs and law enforcement agencies to prevent smugglers from bypassing enforcement efforts and finally, fostering stronger relationships between border communities and law enforcement by improving communication, trust, and reporting mechanisms for suspicious activities.