The Impact of The Weaknesses of The Online Classroom in English Language Learning on University Students

The shift to online education, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, has significantly impacted higher education, particularly in English language learning. This study explores the weaknesses of online classrooms, including technological limitations and pedagogical challenges, and their effect on students’ development of core English language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The study uses a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between technological deficiencies, pedagogical gaps, and learning outcomes. Findings reveal that issues like poor internet connectivity, lack of interactive  feedback, and limited engagement have a negative impact on language proficiency. The study recommends a hybrid teaching model, improved technical infrastructure, and targeted teacher training to address these challenges. These insights are critical for enhancing language instruction in online environments.