Detail Publikasi
Abstrak
In this study, we present for the first time a simulation-based design of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) architecture, incorporating a TiO₂–graphene nanocomposite as the electron transport layer (ETL) with varying graphene doping concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%). Strontium antimony iodide (Sr₃SbI₃) was employed as the hole transport layer (HTL), and the widely studied N719 dye was used as the light-absorbing material. While TiO₂ and N719 remain among the most commonly utilized materials in DSSCs, their performance in this configuration was evaluated through numerical simulations using the AFORS-HET tool. To optimize device performance, various factors were systematically investigated, including current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics, quantum efficiency (QE), energy band alignment, front and rear contact behavior, series and shunt resistances, and temperature dependence. The effect of incorporating graphene into TiO₂ on the ETL performance was examined in detail. Among the studied configurations, the TiO₂+1.5%Gr nanocomposite exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), attributed to enhanced charge extraction and reduced interfacial recombination. The DSSC employing pristine TiO₂ as the ETL demonstrated a Voc of 0.44 V, a Jsc of 35.41 mA/cm², a fill factor (FF) of 76.22%, and a PCE of 12.08%. In comparison, the device using the TiO₂+1.5%Gr nanocomposite as the ETL achieved improved values: a Voc of 0.46 V, a Jsc of 35.46 mA/cm², a FF of 76.18%, and a PCE of 12.56%. These improvements are indicative of superior electrical conductivity, better energy level alignment, and reduced interfacial charge recombination.