LoRaWAN Technical Requirements for Technology and Specific Features of Radio Interface Construction

This paper explores the role of LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) technology in addressing the growing needs of the Internet of Things (IoT). With the rapid expansion of smart cities, the need for wide-area low-power communication systems has increased. Many modern wireless systems face limitations in range, price, or energy consumption, so there is still an unmet need for efficiently connecting sensors over large or hard-to-reach regions. In short, the comparison made in this study is that of LoRaWAN with different wireless standards, namely Wi-Fi, SigFox, Bluetooth LE, and Power Line Communication (PLC) to make a road by answering above roadblocks. We picked apart things like signal range, data rate, energy consumption, and modulation type to identify which system appears to give the best ready to use balance for IoT. Results show that LoRaWAN is able to reliably transmit data in line-of-sight over distances of up to 15 km in rural conditions and 2.5 km in urban areas whilst consuming very little power over unlicensed ISM bands from 433 to 915 MHz. Even though it fails there, thanks to its strength and efficiency, it is suitable for long-range sensor systems. Overall, LoRaWAN provides a good foundation for smart infrastructure, environmental monitoring and industrial applications. By adopting this technology, Uzbekistan and similar regions may be able to expand their IoT networks in a cost-effective and sustainable manner.