A review of Water Quality and Pollution Assessment of the Euphrates River

Water contamination is widely acknowledged as a serious environmental problem, largely due to the rapid rise of human civilization and inadequate management of water resources. Due to its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health, river and lake contamination—caused by trash from industry, agriculture, and residential sources—has gained significant attention in environmental and conflict studies. The purpose of this review is to assess the environmental changes in water quality along the Euphrates River from its source at the border between Turkey and Syria to southern Iraq. Identifying seasonal fluctuations in chemical concentrations, evaluating variations in the physical and chemical qualities of water, and improving the water quality database for academics are some of the main goals. Iraq's rivers, such as the Tigris and Euphrates, have seen a decline in water quality because of untreated waste discharge and climate change. The effects of critical water quality parameters on aquatic life and agricultural appropriateness are assessed. These factors include temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, and the concentration of components including sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate. The review also looks at the hydrological and geological aspects of the Euphrates River, emphasizing the role of climate, groundwater, and rock formations. The construction of dams in Syria and Turkey has drastically decreased the river's discharge, making Iraq's problems with water quality worse. The study emphasizes the necessity of collaborative water management and environmentally friendly methods to lessen the negative impacts on the Euphrates River and guarantee the wellbeing of the region's population and ecosystems.