Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Infertility in Married Couples

Infertility is a pressing issue in modern medicine and has a significant impact on demographic indicators and quality of life. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 15% of couples experience difficulties conceiving, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition [1,2]. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary and secondary infertility in married couples.
The study included 50 married couples. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, including hormonal testing, sperm analysis, and clinical assessment. Primary infertility was detected in 40% of the subjects, secondary infertility in 40%, and the control group comprised 20%. The study results showed that hormonal imbalances, including hyperprolactinemia, elevated FSH and LH levels, and decreased ovarian reserve, play a leading role in women, which is consistent with current research data [3,4]. In men, spermatogenesis disorders were most frequently detected, including oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia, accompanied by a decrease in sperm concentration, which is also confirmed by literary data [2,8].
Additionally, it was established that the development of infertility is influenced by concomitant factors, including inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system, as well as the lifestyle of patients (bad habits, stressful working conditions), which is consistent with the results of other studies [6,16]. Thus, the obtained data confirm the multifactorial nature of infertility and the need for a comprehensive approach to its diagnosis [3,4]. The use of clinical and laboratory research methods allows for increased accuracy in identifying the causes of infertility and facilitates the selection of optimal treatment strategies.