Assessment of the Clinical Condition of Tooth Hard Tissues in Orthodontic Treatment

At the modern stage, there is an increase in the level of orthodontic assistance to the population, which is associated with the introduction of new technologies and materials, as well as with the growth of the professional skills of Doctor-orthodontists. With the use of hardened apparatus, the number of patients treated also increased. If the share of previously removable apparatus was 90%, then at the moment they are determined only in 16% of observations. Obviously, the effectiveness of modern hardened apparatus dominates the efficiency of removable apparatus, however, the percentage of complications caused by tooth hard tissues is reliably higher in patients who are treated with hardened apparatus. Of the 92% of patients examined after orthodontic treatment, 32.7% were found to have various lesions of dental hard tissue. Of these, 42.1% had furnace demineralization of enamel, 26.3% had a vertical form of absorption, and 31.6% had erosion and necrosis of tooth hard tissue. In these retentive areas, microorganisms accumulate, producing a large amount of organic acids. In this case, the caryesogenic potential of the dental plaque increases, which leads to a decrease in the local pH-environment (up to 5.0), an increase in enamel permeability, followed by its demineralization. The proportion of detection of white carious spots in treatment with the use of hardened apparatus is from 12.6 to 50%. In our practice, White carious spots of varying intensity were detected in 11.3% of all cases of treatment with a Brequette-system.