Publication Details
Abstract
This study explores the potential of bryophytes—non-vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts—as effective bioindicators for environmental biomonitoring. Owing to their unique bioecological traits, including high surface-area-to-volume ratio, lack of cuticle, and atmospheric nutrient uptake, bryophytes are highly sensitive to environmental pollutants. The research integrates a comprehensive literature review with original fieldwork conducted across diverse ecological zones, examining bryophyte species responses to pollution gradients. Field and laboratory analyses revealed significant species-specific variation in pollutant accumulation, particularly in relation to heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and zinc. Physiological indicators, such as chlorophyll degradation and morphological alterations, were found to correlate strongly with environmental stressors. Statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis and ANOVA, were applied to assess the relationships between pollution levels and bryophyte health. The findings underscore the relevance of bryophytes in detecting atmospheric, soil, and waterborne contaminants, while also highlighting their applicability in global biomonitoring programs. The study concludes that integrating bryophyte-based methodologies with modern technologies such as GIS and molecular diagnostics can enhance environmental surveillance and support sustainable ecosystem management.