Optimal Algorithm for Diagnosing Early Ophthalmological Changes in the Retina and Optic Nerve of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

In this work, an optimal diagnostic algorithm was developed to identify early ophthalmological changes in the retina and optic nerve in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The algorithm includes screening, clarifying checks, and monitoring stages. Based on modern methods such as fundus photography, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescent angiography (FAG), OCT angiography (OCTA), and perimetry, it is possible to detect changes in the early stages. This approach serves as an effective means of preventing diabetic retinopathy and optic nerve damage. The proposed algorithm serves to preserve patients' vision, reduce ophthalmological complications, and take timely treatment measures.