Methodology for Enhancing the Professional Competence of Prospective Physics Teachers through the Development of the Topic “Law of Distribution of Molecular Velocities: Maxwell’s Distribution of Molecular Speeds” Using Digital Educational Tools

Abstract: This article presents a methodology for teaching the distribution of molecular velocities — the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution — using contemporary digital educational tools. The primary focus is on developing and enhancing the professional competence of prospective physics teachers. Initially, the theoretical foundations of the topic are discussed, followed by an analysis of the challenges teachers face in mastering the subject and the methodological tools that can be employed to address these challenges. The study highlights the use of interactive simulations, modeling platforms (GeoGebra, Python, PhET, etc.), and graphical analysis tools to improve instructional effectiveness. Finally, the article examines the practical effectiveness of the methodology, analyzes observed changes in teachers’ theoretical and practical knowledge, and provides methodological recommendations.