Specific Pedagogical and Psychological Features of Forming Positive Attitudes Toward Ethno-Cultural Values in Primary School Students

This article highlights the essence and content of national and universal values, their role in societal development, and their importance in the spiritual and moral formation of the younger generation. It analyzes how, during the years of independence of Uzbekistan, the issue of values was elevated to the level of state policy, and the education system identified the upbringing of a spiritually mature individual as a priority task.
        The article examines the scientific and philosophical interpretation of the concept of value, the formation of axiology as a discipline, and the views of Western and Eastern thinkers on this issue. In particular, based on the spiritual heritage of thinkers such as Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, and Alisher Navoi, issues related to human dignity, knowledge, morality, and perfection are discussed. The views of representatives of Sufism — Najmiddin Kubro and Bahauddin Naqshband — on human perfection are also analyzed.
        The research reveals the close connection of national values with family, customs, traditions, and spiritual heritage, as well as their role in youth upbringing. The importance of universal values — such as peace, freedom, justice, and humanism — in ensuring social stability is substantiated.