Graduonymic Synonymy in Botanical Terminology of the Uzbek Language

This article explores graduonymic synonymy in Uzbek botanical terminology, analyzing the semantic and stylistic distinctions of terms such as nihol, ko‘chat, daraxt, and qalamcha. The study demonstrates that graduonymic relations manifest not only in synonymy but also in antonymy, with gradation playing a key role in shaping precise scientific conclusions. The analysis further reveals how collocational behavior and stylistic features determine the distribution and usage of these terms within scientific and literary contexts.