Publication Details
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the molecular resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems in Iraq, focusing on the detection of carbapenemase genes, such as blaNDM, blaOXA, and others, among both hospital-acquired and community-acquired strains. Method: Molecular screening techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), were employed to analyze hospital and community-derived K. pneumoniae isolates. The presence of carbapenemase genes (blaNDM, blaOXA, blaKPC) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M) was determined and compared between hospital-acquired and community-derived strains. Results: Hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates exhibited a higher frequency of carbapenemase genes, including blaNDM, blaOXA, blaKPC, and extended-spectrum β-lactamases, compared to community-derived strains. The latter showed lower but rising levels of carbapenemase genes, suggesting possible transmission from hospital settings to the community. Novelty: This study highlights the spread of hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae infections with multiple resistance genes, including novel insights into the increasing prevalence of carbapenemase genes in community settings, possibly due to the spillover of hospital-acquired infections.