Publication Details
Abstract
The growing global demand for clean water, exacerbated by industrialization and environmental pollution, has intensified the search for sustainable purification technologies. Traditional water treatment methods often fail to meet environmental and economic standards, prompting the adoption of biotechnology-based purification methods that utilize natural biological processes. Despite proven success in microbial remediation, many biotechnological methods remain underutilized in regions like Uzbekistan, where ecological challenges and water scarcity persist. This study investigates biotechnological approaches to water purification, analyzing the mechanisms and effectiveness of biofiltration, bioreactors, phytoremediation, and microalgal methods, with a focus on their potential application in Uzbekistan. The article presents how aerobic and anaerobic systems, activated sludge, and genetically enhanced microbial strains—such as Pseudomonas—contribute to the biodegradation of organic pollutants and toxic substances. Enzymatic activities and plasmid-encoded detoxification pathways are highlighted, as well as factors influencing process efficiency, including oxygen levels and temperature. The integration of microbial genetics with wastewater engineering and phytotechnologies is emphasized, demonstrating innovative pathways such as cometabolism and recombinant plasmid use in the degradation of complex pollutants. Biotechnological water purification offers an ecologically sound and economically viable strategy aligned with sustainable development goals. Its widespread implementation in Uzbekistan could significantly improve water quality and environmental resilience, especially when customized to local ecological and industrial conditions.