Children At Risk: Definition, Types, And Mechanisms of Social Protection

In modern society, the social protection of vulnerable children has emerged as a major priority, particularly in countries undergoing rapid socio-political and economic transformations such as Uzbekistan. Following independence, Uzbekistan adopted several legal frameworks to support children’s rights and promote mechanisms to ensure their safety, education, and well-being. Despite legislative progress, there remains insufficient clarity and coordination in the identification, classification, and support mechanisms for children at risk, particularly concerning psychological and developmental needs. This study aims to define the concept of children at risk, classify the types of risks they face, analyze their psychological characteristics, and assess mechanisms of social protection and support from pedagogical, psychological, and sociological perspectives. The findings show that children at risk often face cognitive, behavioral, and emotional challenges due to factors such as parental neglect, institutional upbringing, poverty, or exposure to criminal environments. These children demonstrate significant delays in speech, learning abilities, and emotional development. Social pedagogues, psychologists, and educators must work collaboratively to provide targeted, individualized support. The research offers a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis by combining national legal frameworks with psychological, pedagogical, and sociological assessments. It systematically outlines the stages of development for at-risk children and correlates their needs with specific support mechanisms. Effective intervention requires the joint efforts of educators, healthcare providers, social services, and community organizations. A differentiated and systemic approach will enhance the social integration, self-esteem, and development of at-risk children, ensuring their inclusion in broader societal progress.