Features of Long-Term Operation of Portland Cement And Alkaline Binders and Methods for Extending Their Service Life

Portland cement and alkaline binders remain decisive in modern construction due to their versatility and mechanical operation. However, their long-term durability changes with chemical and environmental influences. This study investigates key degradation mechanisms including carbonation, sulfate exposure, and thermal instability while exploring advanced methods to extend their service life. Methods such as additive cement materials, improved mixture design and chemical additives are discussed, which provide practical solutions to increase the stability and long-term durability of building materials. The results will help develop a durable infrastructure for future requirements