A Study of the Physical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis Method for Medical Application

Background: Green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles possess unique physical properties and biocompatibility, making them promising materials for safe and eco-friendly medical applications. Aims of the study: In this research project, the researcher needs to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles through a green procedure and to determine their physical characteristics to determine their applicability in the medical field. Methodology: The Camellia sinensis leaf extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to green-synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. The extract was made using hot water and mediated the formation of ZnO under controlled condition of stirring and temperature. Nanoparticles were tested in terms of antimicrobial activity, such as inhibition zone, MIC, MBC, and antibiofilm activity against the selected bacterial and fungal pathogens based on conventional microbiological tests. Result: The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized were of high purity, crystallite size was nanoscale and good crystallinity as seen by XRD and TEM. The UV-vis spectra exhibited a blue shift at approximately 315 nm with an approximate bandgap of 3.9 eV which represented quantum confinements. In microorganisms, biologically prepared ZnO nanoparticles had a good antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties with the highest sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae and low sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus, indicating microorganism-specific responses. Conclusions: ZnO nanoparticles green-synthesized had good crystallinity and nanoscale and had a high antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. The effects caused by these are increased surface reactivity, quantum confinement, and generation of ROS that damage microbial membranes and prevent biofilm formation in a dependency on the microorganism.