Grammatical Problems of Translation

This article examines the complex grammatical challenges encountered in the process of translation across different language systems. It explores how structural disparities in word order, tense systems, and grammatical categories such as gender, number, and case impact the accuracy and naturalness of the target text. The study specifically analyzes the translation of English infinitives into Russian, the diversity of grammatical categories in American Indian and European languages, and the morphological correspondences between English, Russian, and Uzbek. By evaluating phraseological units and sentence sequencing, the article emphasizes that successful translation requires a shift from word-for-word substitution to structural adaptation. The findings suggest that a deep understanding of both source and target grammar is essential to maintain the original message's conceptual integrity while ensuring linguistic fluency.