Publication Details
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal infections are a leading cause of pediatric morbidity worldwide, with seasonal patterns often influencing their incidence.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the seasonal trends and clinical features of gastrointestinal infections in children presenting to a central pediatric teaching hospital over one year.
Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at the Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics over a 12-month period (January–December 2024). Children aged 1–12 years presenting with acute gastroenteritis were included. Data was collected on demographic characteristics, clinical features, season of presentation, and identified etiological agents. Stool samples were tested for viral (rotavirus, adenovirus) and bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli) pathogens. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.
Results: A total of 360 children were included, with a median age of 3 years (IQR: 1.5–5.0). Most cases occurred in winter (45%), with a peak in February. Viral infections were predominant, accounting for 60% of cases. Rotavirus was the most frequently identified pathogen (25%), followed by adenovirus (12.5%). Bacterial infections (Shigella, Salmonella) were more common in summer and autumn. The majority of children (70%) presented with watery diarrhea, while 14% had bloody diarrhea. Vomiting (72%) and fever (61%) were common clinical features. Moderate dehydration was seen in 25% of cases, and 5.5% experienced severe dehydration requiring hospitalization. No fatalities occurred.
Conclusion: Gastrointestinal infections in children show a clear seasonal pattern, with a winter peak dominated by viral agents, particularly rotavirus. Bacterial infections were more frequent in summer. These findings highlight the need for seasonal preparedness in pediatric care settings, including enhanced availability of rehydration solutions in winter and targeted hygiene education in summer. Implementation of rotavirus vaccination could significantly reduce the winter disease burden.