Publication Details
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as an effective method for wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove a wide range of contaminants with low chemical input. This study provides a comprehensive review of the key factors influencing EC efficiency, including operational parameters, water quality characteristics, and reactor design. The analysis shows that current density, pH, conductivity, electrode material, and electrolysis time play a critical role in determining treatment performance. Under optimized conditions, EC achieves removal efficiencies exceeding 90% for COD, turbidity, and color, while maintaining relatively low sludge production. However, process efficiency varies significantly depending on wastewater composition, requiring system-specific optimization. Performance evaluation highlights the importance of energy consumption and electrode dissolution as key economic factors. Advanced optimization methods, such as Response Surface Methodology, allow identification of optimal operating conditions under multiple interacting variables. Despite its advantages, challenges such as electrode passivation, lack of standardized reactor design, and operational costs limit large-scale implementation. Recent developments focus on hybrid systems and renewable energy integration, which have demonstrated removal efficiencies up to 100% for specific pollutants. Electrocoagulation represents a promising solution for sustainable wastewater treatment, particularly when combined with optimized design and integrated treatment approaches.