Standards for the Protection of Foreign Investments in Bilateral Investment Agreements and their Implementation in the Legal Systems of Developing Countries

The author examines the impact of bilateral investment agreements (BIT) on the protection of foreign investments and the balance of interests between states and investors. The article analyzes the different approaches of developing countries such as India and Indonesia to the formulation of BIT, which are aimed at protecting state sovereignty and sustainable economic development while attracting foreign investment. Key elements of BIT are examined, such as dispute resolution mechanisms, fair treatment guarantees and limits on expropriation, as well as challenges associated with protecting investor rights and preserving the scope for national regulation in strategic areas.